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  제목	내용	저자	저널명/발행자	상세보기
  Isethionic Acid and Floridoside Isolated from the Red Alga, Grateloupia turuturu, Inhibit Settlement of Balanus amphitrite Cyprid Larvae	Isethionic acid (2-hydroxyethane sulfonic acid) and floridoside (2-O-α-D-galactopyranosylglycerol) were extracted from the red alga, Grateloupia turuturu, and tested for anti-settlement activity against cyprid larvae of the tropical barnacle, Balanus amphitrite and for their toxicity to nauplius larvae. Isethionic acid was active for anti-settlement but had the disadvantage of being toxic to nauplius larvae. Floridoside was a potent inhibitor of cyprid settlement at non-toxic concentrations to nauplii (0.01 mg ml-1).	Hellio, Claire,Simon-Colin, Christelle,Clare, Anthony,Deslandes, Eric		상세보기
  Extraction and Analysis of Compounds with Antibacterial Potential from the Red Alga Grateloupia turuturu	Nowadays, the development of new drugs only relies on a small number of molecules and 50% of all existent drugs are extracted or synthetically obtained. This work intends to evaluate the antibacterial potential of the ethanolic and polysaccharide extracts obtained from Grateloupia turuturu and to characterize the composition of the alga’s polysaccharides by FTIR-ATR. We used sequential extraction to obtain the extracts that were tested against S. aureus and E. coli. The ethanolic extracts in E. coli, at the highest concentration used (15 mg mL？1) showed 45.7% (Tetrasporophyte extract) and 55.1% (Carposporophyte extract) of growth reduction and in S. aureus 56.2% (T extract) and 51.8% (C extract). Polysaccharide extracts started showing significant reduction effect on E. coli and S. aureus growth at 7.5 mg mL？1 with a reduction of 54.9% and 39.5%, respectively. At 15 mg mL？1 the reduction observed was 88.5% and 85.4%. The FTIR-ATR allowed to characterize G. turuturu’s polysaccharides concluding that it is composed by a hybrid kappa/iota carrageenan with traces of agar, in both phases of the life cycle. This work allows us to conclude about the antibacterial properties of this alga and the compounds that might be behind this activity, showing that there’s a lot more than a small number of molecules that can be used as natural drugs.	Cardoso, Isabel,Cotas, Joa,o,Rodrigues, Ana,Ferreira, Daniel,Oso,rio, Na,dia,Pereira, Leonel	MDPI AG	상세보기
  Ultrasound-assisted extraction of R-phycoerythrin from Grateloupia turuturu with and without enzyme addition	Abstract The aim of this study was to compare two processes for the extraction of R-phycoerythrin (R-PE) from the red seaweed Grateloupia turuturu: ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) and ultrasound-assisted enzymatic hydrolysis (UAEH). Process efficiencies were both evaluated by the yield of R-PE extraction and by the level of liquefaction. Experiments were conducted at 40 and 22°C, for 6h, using an enzymatic cocktail and an original ultrasonic flow-through reactor. R-PE appeared very sensitive to temperature, thus 22°C is strongly recommended for its extraction by UAEH or UAE. However, the higher processing temperature (40°C) clearly increased the extraction of water-soluble compounds (up to 91% of liquefaction). These two new processes are thus promising alternatives for the extraction of water-soluble components including R-PE, from wet seaweeds, with extraction yields at least similar to conventional solid？liquid extraction. Graphical abstract [DISPLAY OMISSION]	Le Guillard, Ce,cile,Dumay, Justine,Donnay-Moreno, Claire,Bruzac, Sandrine,Ragon, Jean-Yves,Fleurence, Joe,l,Berge,, Jean-Pascal	Elsevier	상세보기
  Anti-microfouling activities in extracts of two invasive algae: Grateloupia turuturu and Sargassum muticum	Abstract Marine macroalgae are particularly prone to epiphytism. The colonisation of their surface may lead to severe perturbations and sometimes to the death of the host. To protect themselves against settling and/or competing organisms, many algae have developed defences against fouling by producing a wide variety of chemically active metabolites. The goal of this study was to investigate potential anti-microfouling activities of two introduced algal species from the Brittany coast (France), Sargassum muticum (Phaeophyceae) and Grateloupia turuturu (Rhodophyceae). Thus, a complete study of the antimicrobial activities of extracts (aqueous, acetone, chloroform, dichloromethane, diethyl-ether, ethyl acetate, ethanol 96°, hexane and methanol) from S. muticum and G. turuturu against marine fouling bacteria (5 strains), fungi (5 strains) and biofilm-associated microphytobenthic strains (5) were performed. The most active extract of G. turuturu was the dichloromethane fraction, while the chloroform extract from S. muticum showed some good results. Our data suggest that these macroalgae can provide useful compounds or templates for industrial anti-microfouling applications.	Plouguerne,, Erwan,Hellio, Claire,Deslandes, Eric,Ve,ron, Benoi,t,Stiger-Pouvreau, Vale,rie	Walter de Gruyter GmbH	상세보기
  Patterns of benthic assemblages invaded and non-invaded by Grateloupia turuturu across rocky intertidal habitats	Intertidal benthic assemblages invaded and non-invaded by the introduced Asian red alga Grateloupia turuturu were compared at a rocky shore along the NW coast of Portugal. The structure of whole assemblages, the total richness of taxa and the abundance of individual taxa were examined as response variables in two different habitats (rock pools and emergent rock), two shore levels (low and mid intertidal) and two dates of sampling (June 2013 and June 2014). Invaded and non-invaded assemblages differed consistently across habitats and shore levels. Such differences were driven by 13 (with the green alga genus Ulva, the red alga Chondrus crispus and the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis driving the total dissimilarity) out of the total 37 taxa identified. Individual taxa revealed idiosyncratic patterns, in several cases (C. crispus, M. galloprovincialis, articulated coralline algae of the genus Corallina and the crustose sporophyte of the red alga Mastocarpus stellatus) there were differences in the abundance of a taxon between invaded and non-invaded assemblages varying with levels of some other experimental factors. The total number of taxa was higher in invaded compared to non-invaded assemblages for each combination of habitat and shore level. Patterns of invasion by G. turuturu along the Portuguese continental coast were recently described in terms of its temporal and spatial distribution, but never examined in terms of differences between invaded and non-invaded assemblages. Such information is very limited for other geographic areas where this species is recorded out of its native range of distribution. Therefore, the present study provides a new contribution to the understanding of modifications of native assemblages associated with the invasion of G. turuturu, opening avenues of research aimed at specifically examining the factors and processes likely responsible for the invasion dynamics and success of this species.	Freitas, C.,Araujo, R.,Bertocci, I.	Netherlands Institute for Sea Research ; Elsevier Science Pub. Co	상세보기